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Get oriented

Material Digitization Service

MDS transforms physical materials — fabrics, trims, hardware — into digital assets ready for 3D simulation, visualization, and product development.

What digitization actually means

Digitization is not one thing. A fully digitized material can carry up to four layers of information, and clients choose which layers they need based on what they're trying to do with the material downstream.

1. Scans

Seamless texture images captured from the physical material with Vizoo. Six PBR maps: diffuse, metallic, normal, roughness, displacement, alpha.

2. Visuals

Photos, video, renders, and presets showing how the material behaves and looks in the real world.

3. Physical properties

Bend, stretch, shear, friction. Used by 3D simulation software to make digital cloth drape and behave like the real thing.

4. Meta-data

Composition, categories, price, lead times, MOQ, country of origin, hand-feel tags — everything a buyer or designer needs to make decisions.

The two service tiers

Every digitization order falls into one of two tiers, based on what the client needs the digital material for.

Visualization only

Texture scans, no physics

Texture scans, PBR maps, U3M output. Small A4 / letter-size sample is enough. Typically used in footwear, accessories, and trim work where 3D simulation isn't required — or when the sample isn't large enough to measure physical properties and drape.

Full service

Visualization + physics

Texture + physical properties + CLO 3D drape validation + photo and video. Requires a 1m × 1m or 1yd × 1yd sample because we cut and measure the fabric. Typically used in apparel for accurate drape and fit, though footwear in CLO is increasingly adopting physics-based simulation too.

How pricing works at a glance

The same service tiers are offered to everyone. The price depends on whether the client has an active subscription.

  • Subscribers ($2,000/year license) pay $60/fabric (Full service) or $20/fabric (Visualization only) — and get 25 Full service fabrics or 35 Visualization-only fabrics included with the license before per-fabric charges start.
  • Non-subscribers pay $90/fabric (Full service) or $50/fabric (Visualization only). No free fabrics, no annual fee.

The only "package" is the bundle of free fabrics that comes with the annual license. After that quota is used, subscribers pay per fabric like anyone else, just at the subscriber rate.

See the Pricing section for the full breakdown.

Get oriented

Pricing

Same service for everyone. The price depends on whether the client has an active swatchbook subscription.

Region
Select your region for accurate pricing.
One service, two prices Subscribers and non-subscribers receive the same two service tiers — Full service (visualization + physics) and Visualization only. Subscribers pay less per fabric ($60 Full / $20 Visualization) and get a quota of free fabrics included with their annual license. Non-subscribers pay more per fabric ($90 Full / $50 Visualization) with no annual fee. The breakdown below shows how each price is built so you can quote single-side scans, back-side adds, or trim work separately when needed.

Subscription

PlanAnnual feeFree fabrics includedStorage
swatchbook license — Full service$2,000 / year25 fabrics (full service)Unlimited
swatchbook license — Visualization only$2,000 / year35 fabrics (visualization only)Unlimited
No subscription$0None — pay per fabricN/A

Free fabrics reset annually with the license. After the included quota is used, additional fabrics are billed at the subscriber per-fabric rate below.

Per-fabric pricing — full digitization service

This is what the client pays per fabric, depending on whether they have a subscription and what their use case is.

Use caseSubscriber (after free quota)Non-subscriberWhat's included
Full service
Visualization + physics
Typically apparel
$60 / fabric $90 / fabric Texture + maps + tiling, CLO physical properties, CLO 3D validation report, photo + video
Visualization only
No physics
Typically footwear, trims, accessories
$20 / fabric $50 / fabric Texture + maps + tiling only

VAT not included and may vary by region. Prices do not include shipping. "Per fabric" refers to single (front) side texture digitization.

Breakdown — how those prices are built

Each per-fabric price above is the sum of individual line items. The breakdown matters when a client only wants part of the service, when they've used their free quota, or when they want extras like a back-side scan.

Line itemSubscriberNon-subscriberNotes
Physical properties + validation
zFab creation
$40 / fabric $40 / fabric Drape test, fabric kit values, validation report. Same price for both — the cost difference between subscriber and non-subscriber comes entirely from the surface scan, not physics.
Surface scan — face $20 / side $50 / side First scanned side of the material
Surface scan — back
Or any additional side
$20 / side $20 / side Added to a fabric already scanned on the face
3D trim modeling $40 / piece $50 / piece Eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces modeled as .obj
2D trim scan $20 / piece $20 / piece Scan-only, no 3D modeling
Extra service unit $5 / unit $5 / unit Per-unit charge for each extra service delivered (see Extra services)

Worked examples

Example 1 — Subscriber, Full service, 10 fabrics, year one

  • Annual license: $2,000
  • 10 fabrics digitized: $0 (all within the 25-fabric free quota)
  • Total: $2,000

Example 2 — Subscriber, Full service, 40 fabrics, year one

  • Annual license: $2,000
  • First 25 fabrics: $0 (free quota)
  • 15 additional fabrics × $60 = $900
  • Total: $2,900

Example 3 — Non-subscriber, 5 fabrics scanned both sides, no physics

  • Face scans: 5 × $50 = $250
  • Back scans: 5 × $20 = $100
  • Total: $350

Example 4 — Subscriber, 1 fabric full service + back scan + 2 extras

  • Physics + validation: $40
  • Face scan: $20
  • Back scan: $20
  • 2 extra services × $5 = $10
  • Total: $90 (or $0 if within free quota — fabrics inside the quota cover full service)
Payment terms Non-subscribers without a built-in account arrangement pay at the time of service. Clients with established system terms follow those terms. Subscribers are billed annually for the license; per-fabric overages are invoiced separately.
Get oriented

Cost estimator

Build your order line by line and get an instant estimate. Adjust quantities, add extras, and switch between subscriber and non-subscriber rates.

Estimates only This tool uses the standard published rates. Advanced materials, rush orders, A2 oversized scans, and non-scannable materials may incur additional cost determined on a case-by-case basis. VAT and shipping are not included.
Client type
Subscriber rates are lower — the $2,000/yr license can be included in your total.
Region
Select your region for accurate pricing.
Order items
No items yet — click + Add item to build your order.
Estimate summary

Add items above to see your estimate.

Want a formal quote? Contact your Account Business Developer or reach out via the Contacts page. They can confirm pricing, check rush availability, and handle any edge cases not covered here.
Get oriented

Lead times

Standard turnaround scales with order size. All timelines start from the day after fabrics arrive at the CLO Digital Lab, not the day they're shipped.

1–10 fabrics
5
working days
11–50 fabrics
10
working days
51–150 fabrics
20
working days
151–300 fabrics
30
working days
301–450 fabrics
50
working days
How to count fabrics Lead times are based on the number of fabrics in a single shipment, not the running total across the year. A client sending 10 fabrics this month and 10 next month is two separate 5-day jobs, not one 20-day job.

Material review — before the clock starts

When samples arrive at the Digital Lab, the team reviews them the same day or the next business day to confirm what's actually feasible. The client is contacted at that point if anything needs clarification — for example, if a material is too small, too damaged, or falls into the advanced or non-scannable categories.

The lead-time clock starts after that review is complete and the order is confirmed.

Rush orders

Expediting is possible but not standard. It requires a direct conversation with the client about scope, and incurs additional cost determined once the scope is clear. Rush requests need to go through Steve Yang at the Digital Lab — see Contacts.

Working with materials

Sample requirements

The size and condition of the physical sample depends entirely on what the client wants to do with the digital output.

Sample size by material type

Visualization only

A4 or letter size

210mm × 297mm (or 8.27in × 11.69in). Enough surface to capture seamless texture scans and PBR maps. Typically used in footwear, accessories, and trim work where 3D simulation isn't required — or when the sample isn't large enough to measure physical properties and drape.

Full service

1m × 1m or 1yd × 1yd

Full fabric width with at least 1m of length. We need this much because we physically cut the sample for drape testing and to measure bend, stretch, and shear. Typically used in apparel for accurate fit and drape, though footwear in CLO is increasingly adopting physics-based simulation too.

Trims, laces & webbings · Uppers
Trims, laces & webbings

20cm minimum length

A 20cm length is sufficient for scanning. The critical requirement is that the full pattern repeat must be visible within that length — if the weave, print, or texture pattern repeats at a longer interval, the sample needs to be long enough to show at least one complete cycle.

Uppers

Single upper

One upper is enough. Whenever possible, send the smallest available size — a smaller upper reduces the required scanning area and speeds up processing. There is no need to send a pair.

The tier follows the use case, not the industry Visualization only and Full service are not tied to a product category. Footwear can absolutely get Full service if the client wants accurate drape and physics — it just requires the larger 1m sample. The choice depends on what the client needs the digital material for, not what kind of product they make.

Oversized prints and graphic tiles

If the material has a graphic that tiles larger than A4, we can scan at A2 as a special request. This costs more and uses a different scanner at a separate location.

Color and condition guidelines

  • Color tone: Send a gray neutral tone if possible. Avoid pure black or pure white. If it must be colored, pick a mid-tone — not too bright, not too dark.
  • Multi-color materials: Pick colors with high contrast that are distinct from each other.
  • Condition: Send flat or rolled. Never folded or wrinkled.
  • Labels: Indicate the material name AND the direction of fabric grain and selvedge. Labels are provided in the shipping instructions once the order is confirmed.
  • Back-side scans: Indicate clearly if you want the back scanned. It's an additional cost.
  • Brand identification: Mark which brand(s) the package is for. This triggers the correct SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) on our end.

Meta-data the client should provide

For each material, we need the following alongside the physical sample. swatchbook can provide a Material Standard spreadsheet for clients to fill out.

  1. Material name (simple descriptive words)
  2. Material ID (if they have one)
  3. Price — minimum sample price; bulk price optional
  4. Price units
  5. Lead times
  6. MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)
  7. Country of origin
  8. Composition — Material Category (e.g. leather), Type (e.g. bovine), Sub-type (e.g. split suede)
  9. Dimensions
  10. Color(s)
  11. Usage tags (footwear/upper, accessories, etc.)
  12. Special tags (floral, metallic, heavy, sturdy)
  13. Hand-feel (soft, rough, warm, cool, fuzzy)
Working with materials

Material compatibility

Not every material can be digitized cleanly. Some can't be tested for physical properties, some can't be scanned, and some need an advanced process at extra cost.

Quick compatibility matrix

Legend: ○ Works   △ Individual review   ✕ Not possible

Fabric typePhysical properties testing3D image scanning
Velvet
Short fur
Long fur
Feather yarns
Foil
PVC
Glitter
Sequin
Pleats
Elastic band
Wide stripe fabric (different yarns)
Dangling embellishments
Complicated novelty yarns
Multi-layer fabric
Crinkled fabric
Openwork lace

Advanced materials

Some materials can be scanned but need an advanced scanner — typically materials that shift or change color from different angles. These include pearlescent, thin-film, hologram, and iridescent materials.

  • Advanced materials carry extra cost and require longer processing time.
  • They cannot be recolored — each color variation must be scanned individually.
  • The swatchbook service center decides whether a material counts as advanced or basic.

Non-scannable materials

Some materials genuinely don't scan well in any standard process. These may still be digitized using alternative methods, with cost depending on the material.

  • Fur (particularly long fur)
  • Materials made from large dimensional pieces
  • Translucent or milky materials
  • Multi-layered materials such as clear-coated finishes
  • Complex anisotropic reflective materials such as carbon fiber
Review happens before digitization Every material gets reviewed by the swatchbook team to determine which category it fits in before any work starts. Clients are informed about category and cost before we proceed — there are no surprise charges for advanced or non-scannable materials.
Working with materials

Extra services

Add-on services beyond the standard digitization. Each extra service unit is $5, billed per unit produced.

How the $5 unit works Extra services are priced at $5 per unit delivered, on top of the base digitization. If we make it, we charge for it. A single fabric with three extras attached (e.g. white color map + raw scan + custom video) adds $15 to that fabric's cost.

Available extras

White color maps for external recoloring

A neutralized white-base version of the texture map, designed for clients who want to do their own recoloring in software like Substance, Photoshop, or Mari. Useful when the brand wants color-development control inside their own pipeline rather than asking us to produce each color variation.

Raw material scans (no tiling)

The original scan output before our seamless tiling process is applied. Some clients want to do their own tiling, or use the raw scan for inspection, archival, or custom workflows.

Custom videos beyond standard offering

We produce photo and video for every digitized material as part of the standard service. Custom video extras are anything outside that default style, including:

  • Scratch tests
  • Rub tests
  • Water resistance / water beading tests
  • Audio tests (e.g. fabric rustle, friction sound)
  • Specific motion requests (twirl, fold, drape)
  • Specific photo requests (macro, flat, twirled)

zFabs with sbsar values exposed

A CLO3D zFab file with the underlying sbsar (Substance) parameter values exposed for editing. Lets advanced users tweak material parameters in their own Substance-aware tools rather than treating the zFab as a closed asset.

2D trim scan — $20 per piece

Flat scan of trims like webbings, elastics, ribbons, tapes. Texture only — no 3D modeling, no physical properties. The fastest and cheapest way to digitize a trim if all you need is the surface.

3D trim modeling — $40 per piece

For hardware and components — eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces, molded toe boxes, hooks. Delivered as a 3D OBJ file ready to drop into CLO3D, VStitcher, or any standard 3D pipeline. Pricing for very complex hardware may vary; the team will quote case-by-case.

Color and scan processing extras

These are handled as part of the regular workflow rather than separate extras, but they're worth mentioning here since clients ask about them.

  • Solid color variations: Send RGB values as an .ase file (Adobe Swatch Exchange). Optionally include Pantone reference. Clients can also do solid recoloring themselves.
  • Multi-color conversions: Send target colors as an Excel file with RGB values.
  • Grayscale versions of scans — available on request, additional charge.
  • Whitewashed versions of scans — available on request, additional charge.
  • Mask images — available on request, additional charge.
Operations

Process & next steps

The end-to-end path from "client wants to digitize" to "digital materials in hand."

Standard workflow

1

Scoping conversation

The client tells us what they need: visualization vs. simulation, how many fabrics, target software (CLO3D, VStitcher, other), and any extras. Their answers determine sample size, price, and timeline. Always loop in a regional CLO manager for first-time orders.

2

Sample preparation

Client prepares samples to spec: correct size for the use case, labels attached, grain direction marked, brand identified on the package, and customs paperwork ready (especially for USA-to-China shipments).

3

Shipping

Client ships directly to the Digital Lab. Currently this is in Dongguan, China. Shipping costs are the client's responsibility.

4

Arrival review

Same day or next business day after arrival, the team reviews the materials. They confirm what's feasible, flag anything in the advanced or non-scannable categories, and contact the client with any clarifications. The lead-time clock starts when the review is complete.

5

Digitization

Texture scanning, physical properties testing, photo/video, and any extras. Standard lead times apply based on quantity (see Lead times).

6

Delivery

Digital materials are uploaded to swatchbook or CLO-SET. Full service orders receive validated zFab files, a 3D validation report, photo + video of physical fabrics, and a link to the uploaded files. Visualization-only orders receive scan files and the upload link. Non-subscribers also receive an invoice for the order.

7

Revisions (if needed)

If a client isn't satisfied with the output, contact any team member. Revisions are done immediately at the service center and re-issued promptly. This is rare — if it happens, Zaid and Steve get involved to investigate the root cause.

Deliverables by service tier

Full service (visualization + physics)

  • Validated zFab file
  • 3D validation report
  • Photo and video of the physical fabric
  • swatchbook or CLO-SET link with uploaded files
  • Invoice (non-subscribers only)

Visualization only

  • Texture scan files
  • Photo and video of the physical fabric
  • swatchbook or CLO-SET link as fabrics become digitized
  • Invoice (non-subscribers only)
Operations

Shipping & customs

Where to send samples, what sizes are required, how to pack and label them, and how to handle customs.

Current Digital Lab address

Attention: Steve Yang

Room 909, Fuxin Building, Fukang Road
Houjie Town, Dongguan City
Guangdong Province, 523000, China
Tel: +86-185-0306-3519

Sample sizes — what to ship

Sample size depends on the service tier the client has selected. See Sample requirements for full detail.

Visualization only

A4 or letter size

210mm × 297mm (or 8.27in × 11.69in). For texture scans + PBR maps only. No physical properties testing, no drape validation.

Full service

1m × 1m or 1yd × 1yd

Full fabric width, minimum 1m length. Required because we physically cut the sample to measure drape, bend, stretch, and shear.

Oversized prints

A2

If the material's graphic tiles larger than A4. Special request, different scanner location, additional cost. Confirm with the team before quoting.

Trims & webbing / laces

20cm minimum length

A 20cm length is sufficient for scanning. The full pattern repeat must be visible within the sample — if the repeat is longer than 20cm, send enough to show at least one complete cycle.

Uppers

Single upper

One upper is sufficient — no need to send a pair. Send the smallest available size whenever possible to minimize the required scanning area.

Packing and labeling checklist

Before the client ships, walk them through this list. Skipping any of these causes delays at the Digital Lab.

  • Send flat or rolled — never folded or wrinkled. Wrinkles can permanently distort scans.
  • Attach labels to each fabric with the material name. Labels are provided in the shipping instructions once the order is confirmed.
  • Mark the grain direction and selvedge on the physical sample so the lab knows which way the fabric runs.
  • Indicate the face vs. back if the back is also being scanned. The lab can't always tell visually.
  • Mark the brand on the package — this triggers the correct SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for that brand's pipeline.
  • If the client wants the back scanned, flag it — back-side scans are an additional line item ($20/side, same price for subscriber and non-subscriber).
  • Color tone: gray neutral mid-tones scan best. Avoid pure black or pure white. Multi-colored fabrics should have high-contrast distinct colors.

Future regional hubs

Localized hubs are in development to reduce shipping costs and customs friction for clients outside Asia. Confirm current status with the team before promising regional shipping to any client.

  • Bangalore, IndiaActive
  • California, USAIn testing
  • Munich, GermanyPlanned

Customs guidance

Do not mark country of origin as USA When shipping from the US to China, do not mark the country of origin as USA on the customs declaration. This will cause customs issues and delays. On the customs declaration form, indicate that the product was NOT manufactured in the US.
  • Clients should provide a document for customs clearance offices to expedite release. This is especially important for US-to-China shipments.
  • A clearance agency can be assigned by the supplier to handle customs with extra fees. Not mandatory, but reduces issues.
  • swatchbook is not responsible for packages stuck in customs.

Who pays for what

  • Inbound shipping (client → Digital Lab): client's responsibility.
  • Outbound shipping (Lab → client / brand): billed to whoever is receiving the materials. If the brand is receiving, they're invoiced. If the supplier asked for samples back, the supplier is invoiced.
  • QR code labels for physical swatch return: additional cost.
Operations

File formats

What clients actually get back, and which format goes with which downstream tool.

FormatWhat it isUse case
.u3mDefault PBR scan output — for visualizationAny PBR-aware viewer or renderer. No physics, no metadata embedded.
.zfabU3M + CLO3D physics extractionCLO3D simulation. Required when full physics are needed.
.u3maU3M + VStitcher / Browzwear physicsVStitcher pipelines. Comes from FAB/FAV physics extraction.
.sbsarSubstance file — auto-generated after scanningSubstance-based pipelines. No physics or metadata.
.obj3D model fileTrim hardware (eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces) modeled as 3D objects.

PBR map types

Every scan produces a set of PBR (Physically Based Rendering) maps. The maps included depend on the material type — most fabrics get the core six; metal and glossiness maps are only generated where the material warrants them.

PBR map type examples — color, normal, roughness, metal, displacement, alpha
Color
Core

Raw surface color and pattern, free of lighting effects. Captures base hue, tone, and weave structure.

Albedo
Core

Base color in linear space for PBR renderers. Excludes specular highlights or ambient occlusion.

Normal
Core

RGB-encoded surface orientation simulating micro-detail and yarn directionality, with no extra geometry.

Roughness
Core

Grayscale map controlling surface texture. White = scattered/matte; Black = smooth/sharp reflections.

Displacement
Core

Heightmap encoding real surface elevation differences from scanning for true geometric displacement.

Alpha
Core

Transparency mask for cutouts, lace, mesh, and sheer materials. White = opaque, Black = transparent.

Metal
Where applicable

Masks metallic vs. dielectric areas. White = metal, Black = non-metal. Not present on all material types.

Specular
Where applicable

Defines specular reflectance color and intensity for non-metal surfaces in Specular/Glossiness workflows.

Glossiness
Where applicable

Inverse of roughness, used in Spec/Gloss PBR workflows. White = high gloss, Black = fully matte.

Metal and glossiness are material-dependent These maps are not generated for all fabrics. Standard woven textiles and natural fiber materials without metallic or high-gloss finishes will not receive them.

Delivery specifications

Bit depth

8-bit or 16-bit. 16-bit preserves more tonal range and is better for high-fidelity renders. Brands with pipeline requirements should specify upfront.

Scan resolution

300 DPI standard. 600 DPI available. Higher resolutions available on request — useful for macro detail or large-format output.

File format

PNG, JPEG, or TIFF. PNG and TIFF are lossless. JPEG is suitable for lighter delivery where compression artifacts are acceptable.

PBR's limitations — clients should know

PBR scanning has inherent limits when capturing materials that have complex light behavior. Velvet, satin, and suede in particular often need additional manual tuning beyond what the scan captures. This is not a service quality issue — it's a fundamental limit of PBR as a representation.

File size and resolution trade-offs

File size is driven mostly by repeat tile size and 8-bit vs 16-bit output. Some brands want smaller, lighter files so their pipeline stays efficient. This comes at a cost — materials may look less organic, and high-detail renders may suffer. It's the "product shot vs marketing shot" debate.

Default behavior: we aim for a middle ground. Brands with strong preferences should communicate them up front so we tune the output accordingly.

Operations

Ownership & offboarding

Who owns the digital materials, what happens to physical samples, and what happens if a supplier leaves swatchbook.

Who owns the digital materials

  • Typically the organization paying for the digitization owns the digital materials.
  • The owner is responsible for keeping all metadata up to date, including removing materials when they're retired.

Will the client get their physical samples back?

  • Typically no. Materials are sent directly to the brand after digitization unless the brand requests they go back to the supplier.
  • Physical swatches are usually sent to the brand HQ materials department with a QR code attached.
  • Shipping costs for return + QR services are additional and billed to the receiving party.
  • We prefer not to throw swatches away — they're materials someone will want to touch and feel.

What happens if a supplier leaves swatchbook

  • All materials and additional created content become invisible to swatchbook users.
  • All content can be downloaded prior to removal while the subscription is still active.
  • Brands may make copies of materials to keep in their libraries as an archive.
Reference

Contacts & escalation

Who to involve at each stage, and how to escalate when things need to move fast.

Primary contacts

Account Business Developer
First line of contact
Sales conversations, pricing questions, scoping new digitization work, follow-up with existing clients.
Design & Implementation
Technical specification
Workflow integration questions, file format requirements, software pipeline alignment.
Zaid
Operations / swatchbook
Complex requests, escalations, multi-stakeholder coordination, rework investigations.
Steve Yang
Digital Lab — Dongguan
Rush orders, customs / shipping issues, on-the-ground material questions, urgent rework.

Escalation paths

Rush order

Conversation with the client about scope and added cost → coordinate with Steve Yang directly. Rush capacity is real but conditional and is priced case-by-case.

Rework or revision request

Contact any team member. The service center handles the revision immediately and re-issues. If it's recurring or unclear what went wrong, Zaid and Steve investigate the root cause.

First-time client order

Always loop in a regional CLO manager. They handle the introduction, scope confirmation, and first-order setup so the client doesn't fall through the cracks between teams.

Customs / shipping problem

Steve Yang is the on-the-ground contact for anything stuck inbound to Dongguan. Reminder: swatchbook is not responsible for packages stuck in customs.

General support

For general questions, clients can email support@swatchbook.us. Internal team members should route through the contacts above based on the situation.

Reference

FAQs

The questions that come up most often, with direct answers.

Why does the pricing look like there are two different price lists?
There aren't. The per-fabric price ($60 subscriber Full service, $90 non-subscriber Full service, etc.) is what most clients pay. The breakdown is the same price decomposed into line items — physics + validation, surface scans, trim modeling — so we can quote partial work (e.g. just a back-side scan, or trim-only) without having to invent new prices. Same service, same numbers, just expressed two ways depending on what the client is asking for.
What's the difference between the $60 and $90 Full service price?
Subscription. The $60 is the per-fabric price for clients with an active $2,000/year swatchbook license, after they've used their 25 free Full service fabrics. The $90 is for non-subscribers. The entire difference is in the surface scan: $20/side for subscribers vs $50/side for non-subscribers. Physics + validation is $40 for both — that's not where the subscription discount lives.
When do clients pay?
Non-subscribers pay at the time of service unless their company has built-in terms in our system. Subscribers pay the $2,000/year license up front; any overage above the free fabric quota is invoiced separately as it's incurred.
Does the client need to send a 1m × 1m sample for every fabric?
No. Only when the client has selected Full service (visualization + physics + drape validation). For Visualization-only orders, A4 / letter size is enough. The choice between the two tiers depends on what the client needs the digital material for — typically Full service for apparel where drape and fit have to be accurate, and Visualization only for footwear, accessories, and trims where 3D simulation isn't required, or when the sample on hand isn't large enough to measure physical properties and drape.
Is Full service only for apparel?
No — Full service is available for any material the client wants to simulate accurately, regardless of product category. It's most commonly ordered for apparel today because that's where drape and fit traditionally matter most, but CLO has expanded its physics-based simulation to cover footwear too. We expect Full service to become more common for footwear, accessories, and other categories over time. The only practical requirement is the 1m × 1m sample size, since physical properties testing requires cutting a real piece of the fabric.
How long does it take?
5 working days for 1–10 fabrics, scaling up to 50 working days for 301–450 fabrics. The clock starts after fabrics arrive at the Digital Lab and the review is complete — not from when they're shipped. See the Lead times section for the full table.
Can we rush an order?
Possible but not standard. Requires a conversation with the client to define scope, and extra cost is determined once scope is clear. Rush requests go through Steve Yang directly.
What does the $5 extra service charge cover?
It's the per-unit charge for any extra service we deliver — white color maps, raw scans, custom videos (scratch/rub/water tests, audio), zFabs with sbsar values exposed, and similar add-ons. If we produce it, we charge $5 for it. Three extras on one fabric = $15.
What's the difference between 2D and 3D trim?
2D trim ($20) is a flat scan of trims like webbings, ribbons, elastics, tapes — texture only, no 3D. 3D trim ($40) is full 3D modeling of hardware and components — eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces — delivered as an OBJ file ready for CLO3D or VStitcher. Use 2D when you just need the surface; use 3D when the piece has geometry that matters.
What materials can't be digitized?
Long fur, feather yarns, PVC, dangling embellishments, complicated novelty yarns, and pleats can't be measured or scanned in standard processes. Translucent/milky materials, multi-layer clear-coated materials, and complex anisotropic materials like carbon fiber don't scan well either. Some of these may still be digitized through alternative methods at custom cost. See Material compatibility for the full matrix.
What about iridescent or pearlescent materials?
These count as "advanced materials." We can scan them with a more advanced scanner at extra cost and longer turnaround. Important caveat: advanced materials cannot be recolored — each color variation needs to be scanned individually.
Who pays for shipping?
The client handles inbound shipping to the Digital Lab. Outbound shipping (Lab → brand or back to supplier) is billed to whoever receives the materials. Currently all samples go to Dongguan, China. Future regional hubs in Bangalore, California, and Munich are planned but in testing — confirm before promising regional drop-off to a client.
Does the client get their physical samples back?
Typically no. After digitization, samples usually go to the brand's HQ materials department with a QR code label. The supplier can request samples back instead, but they'll pay the return shipping. We avoid throwing swatches away.
Why do my samples need labels and grain direction marked?
Because the lab can't tell visually which side is the face, which direction is the grain, or which brand a sample belongs to. Labels and grain markers prevent the lab from making the wrong call. Labels are provided in the shipping instructions once the order is confirmed.
Why can't I ship from the US marked "Made in USA"?
Marking country of origin as USA on a US→China shipment causes customs delays and complications. Always indicate on the customs declaration that the product was NOT manufactured in the US. swatchbook is not responsible for packages stuck in customs.
Who owns the digital materials once they're created?
Typically the organization paying for the digitization owns them. That owner is responsible for keeping metadata up to date and retiring materials when they're no longer relevant.
What happens to materials if a supplier leaves swatchbook?
All their materials become invisible to swatchbook users. The supplier can download all content before removal while their subscription is still active. Brands that previously accessed those materials may keep archive copies in their own libraries.
What if the client isn't happy with the scan result?
Contact any team member. Revisions are done immediately at the service center and re-issued promptly. This is rare — when it happens, Zaid and Steve get involved to figure out what went wrong.
What software pipelines do MDS outputs support?
Default output is U3M (PBR, visualization only). CLO3D pipelines get zFab files with full physics. VStitcher pipelines get U3MA files via FAB/FAV physics extraction. A Substance .sbsar is auto-generated for any scan — no physics or metadata. 3D trim hardware comes as .obj.
Why does velvet or satin sometimes look "off" in renders?
It's a known limit of PBR scanning. Materials with complex light behavior — velvet, satin, suede — often need manual tuning beyond what the scan captures. This is a fundamental property of PBR, not a service quality issue. Set expectations with clients up front for these material types.
Reference

Glossary

Terms that come up in MDS conversations.

Service & process

MDS (Material Digitization Service)
swatchbook's service for transforming physical materials — fabrics, trims, hardware — into digital assets ready for 3D simulation, visualization, and product development.
Visualization only
The lighter of the two MDS service tiers. Produces texture scans and PBR maps (U3M output) but no physical properties testing or drape validation. Requires only an A4 / letter-size sample. Typically used for footwear, accessories, and trims.
Full service
The complete MDS service tier. Includes texture scans, physical properties testing (CLO Fabric Kit 2.0), CLO3D drape validation, photo and video. Requires a 1m × 1m sample because the fabric is physically cut for testing. Typically used for apparel.
Digital Lab
The MDS production facility where physical samples are received, reviewed, scanned, and tested. Currently located in Dongguan, China (contact: Steve Yang). Regional hubs in Bangalore, California, and Munich are in various stages of development.
Validation (CLO3D drape validation)
The process of confirming that a digitized material's simulated drape matches the physical fabric's actual drape. Includes a photo + measurement comparison. Required for accurate physics-based simulation. Bundled into Full service orders.
Free fabric quota
The number of fabrics included at no per-fabric charge with a swatchbook annual license. 25 fabrics for Full service subscribers; 35 for Visualization-only subscribers. Resets annually with the license. After the quota is consumed, fabrics are billed at the subscriber per-fabric rate.
SOP (Standard Operating Procedure)
A brand-specific digitization protocol. Brands may have custom requirements (file size, color profile, naming convention), and the lab applies the matching SOP based on which brand a package is marked for.

Software & platforms

swatchbook
The CLO Virtual Fashion platform that hosts and manages digitized material libraries. One of the two main delivery destinations for MDS outputs (alongside CLO-SET). Clients access their digital materials and metadata here. The $2,000/year license is a swatchbook subscription.
CLO3D
3D fashion design and simulation software by CLO Virtual Fashion. The primary downstream tool for Full service orders. Uses zFab files to simulate how fabrics drape, stretch, and behave on a digital garment.
VStitcher
3D fashion simulation software by Browzwear. Uses U3MA files (U3M + FAB/FAV physics) rather than zFab. An alternative pipeline to CLO3D for clients on the Browzwear platform.
CLO-SET
CLO's cloud-based asset management platform. One of the two delivery destinations for digitized materials (alongside swatchbook).
Vizoo
The texture scanner used at the Digital Lab to capture PBR maps and generate seamless tiling for material surfaces.
CLO Fabric Kit 2.0
CLO's standard physical properties test kit. The output is what gets bundled into a zFab file. Included in Full service orders.
FAB / FAV (Fabric Analyzer by Browzwear)
Browzwear's physical properties testing platform — VStitcher's equivalent of CLO Fabric Kit. Separately priced when requested for non-CLO clients.

File formats

U3M
The default file format for digitized materials. PBR-based, used for visualization. No physics or metadata embedded. Output by default after every scan.
zFab
A CLO3D-native file format that combines the U3M scan data with physical properties for simulation. Created when full physics extraction is run on a fabric.
U3MA
VStitcher / Browzwear's equivalent of zFab. U3M plus physics extracted via FAB/FAV.
sbsar (Substance Archive)
A parametric material file used in Adobe Substance pipelines. Auto-generated from every MDS scan. Does not include physics or metadata. "zFab with sbsar exposed" is an extra service that surfaces these parameters for editing.
OBJ
A standard 3D model file format. The delivery format for 3D trim modeling — eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces, and other hardware are modeled as OBJ files ready to import into CLO3D, VStitcher, or any standard 3D pipeline.
.ase (Adobe Swatch Exchange)
Adobe's color swatch file format. The standard way for clients to send target RGB values when requesting solid color variations of a digitized material.

PBR maps

PBR (Physically Based Rendering)
A method for representing materials in 3D rendering that simulates how light actually interacts with surfaces. MDS scans produce a set of PBR maps — most materials receive the six core maps; metal and glossiness maps are generated only where the material warrants them.
Color map
One of the six core PBR maps. Captures raw surface color and pattern, free of lighting effects — base hue, tone, and weave structure as seen by the scanner.
Albedo map
One of the six core PBR maps. Represents the material's base color in linear color space, calibrated for physically accurate light interaction. Differs from the color map in that it excludes specular highlights and ambient occlusion artifacts.
Normal map
One of the six core PBR maps. An RGB-encoded image that simulates micro-surface detail — yarn texture, surface bumps, weave directionality — by encoding surface normals without adding actual geometry to the 3D model.
Roughness map
One of the six core PBR maps. A grayscale image controlling how a surface scatters light. White = rough/matte (scattered light); Black = smooth (sharp reflections). Drives the perceived texture and sheen of a material in render.
Displacement map
One of the six core PBR maps. A heightmap encoding the actual physical elevation differences of a material's surface as captured by the scanner. Unlike a normal map, displacement can drive real geometric deformation in compatible renderers.
Alpha map
One of the six core PBR maps. A transparency mask where white = fully opaque and black = fully transparent. Essential for materials with cutouts, open structures, or sheer areas — lace, mesh, open-weave, and perforated materials.
Metal map
An optional PBR map. Masks metallic vs. dielectric areas of a surface — white = metal, black = non-metal. Not generated for standard woven textiles or natural fiber materials without metallic content.
Specular map
An optional PBR map used in Specular/Glossiness workflows (as opposed to the Metallic/Roughness workflow). Defines the color and intensity of specular reflectance on non-metal surfaces. Not generated for all material types.
Glossiness map
An optional PBR map used in Specular/Glossiness workflows. The inverse of roughness — white = high gloss, black = fully matte. Generated only where the material type warrants it (e.g. high-gloss coatings, patent leather).

Scanning & materials

Seamless tiling
Processing a texture scan so it can repeat across a surface without visible seams. Standard part of every scan output. Raw (untiled) scans are available as an extra service.
DPI (Dots Per Inch)
A measure of scan resolution. MDS standard output is 300 DPI; 600 DPI is available, and higher resolutions can be requested. Higher DPI preserves more surface detail and is better suited for macro renders or large-format output, but increases file size.
White color map
An extra service ($5/unit) that delivers a neutralized white-base version of the texture map. Lets clients do their own color development in Substance, Photoshop, or Mari without needing swatchbook to produce each individual colorway.
Advanced material
A material that shifts or changes color from different angles — pearlescent, thin-film, hologram, iridescent. Requires an advanced scanner, extra cost, longer turnaround, and cannot be recolored.
Non-scannable material
A material that can't be cleanly scanned in standard processes — fur, large dimensional pieces, translucent materials, multi-layer coated materials, carbon fiber. May be digitized through alternative methods at custom cost.
Anisotropic
A material property where appearance or behavior varies depending on the direction of observation or measurement. Complex anisotropic reflective materials — such as carbon fiber — are difficult to capture accurately with standard PBR scanning and are classified as non-scannable.
2D trim vs 3D trim
2D trim ($20) is a flat scan of webbings, elastics, ribbons — texture only, no 3D. 3D trim ($40) is full 3D modeling of hardware like eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces — delivered as OBJ files ready for CLO3D or VStitcher.

Sample requirements

A4 / Letter size
The minimum sample size for visualization-only digitization. A4 = 210mm × 297mm. Letter = 8.27in × 11.69in. Used when no physical properties testing is required.
Upper
The assembled part of a shoe that covers the foot, excluding the sole. In MDS, a single upper is the required sample size for digitizing footwear uppers. The smallest available size should be sent to minimize the scanning area required.
Pattern repeat
The interval at which a woven, printed, or textured design completes one full cycle and begins again. Relevant for scanning — the sample must show at least one full repeat for seamless tiling to work correctly. Also a tracked metadata field.
Grain direction / selvedge
Grain direction is the orientation of the fabric's threads relative to the selvage edge. Selvedge is the finished edge of a woven fabric that runs parallel to the warp. Both must be marked on samples so the lab knows how to orient the fabric during scanning and physical testing.

Metadata & measurements

MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)
The smallest quantity of a material a supplier will sell. Part of the metadata clients provide for each digitized material.
GSM (Grams per Square Metre)
A standard measurement of fabric weight — how many grams one square metre of the material weighs. Part of the Dimensions metadata group collected for each digitized material.