Results
Material Digitization Service
MDS transforms physical materials — fabrics, trims, hardware — into digital assets ready for 3D simulation, visualization, and product development.
What digitization actually means
Digitization is not one thing. A fully digitized material can carry up to four layers of information, and clients choose which layers they need based on what they're trying to do with the material downstream.
1. Scans
Seamless texture images captured from the physical material with Vizoo. Six PBR maps: diffuse, metallic, normal, roughness, displacement, alpha.
2. Visuals
Photos, video, renders, and presets showing how the material behaves and looks in the real world.
3. Physical properties
Bend, stretch, shear, friction. Used by 3D simulation software to make digital cloth drape and behave like the real thing.
4. Meta-data
Composition, categories, price, lead times, MOQ, country of origin, hand-feel tags — everything a buyer or designer needs to make decisions.
The two service tiers
Every digitization order falls into one of two tiers, based on what the client needs the digital material for.
Texture scans, no physics
Texture scans, PBR maps, U3M output. Small A4 / letter-size sample is enough. Typically used in footwear, accessories, and trim work where 3D simulation isn't required — or when the sample isn't large enough to measure physical properties and drape.
Visualization + physics
Texture + physical properties + CLO 3D drape validation + photo and video. Requires a 1m × 1m or 1yd × 1yd sample because we cut and measure the fabric. Typically used in apparel for accurate drape and fit, though footwear in CLO is increasingly adopting physics-based simulation too.
How pricing works at a glance
The same service tiers are offered to everyone. The price depends on whether the client has an active subscription.
- Subscribers ($2,000/year license) pay $60/fabric (Full service) or $20/fabric (Visualization only) — and get 25 Full service fabrics or 35 Visualization-only fabrics included with the license before per-fabric charges start.
- Non-subscribers pay $90/fabric (Full service) or $50/fabric (Visualization only). No free fabrics, no annual fee.
The only "package" is the bundle of free fabrics that comes with the annual license. After that quota is used, subscribers pay per fabric like anyone else, just at the subscriber rate.
See the Pricing section for the full breakdown.
Pricing
Same service for everyone. The price depends on whether the client has an active swatchbook subscription.
Subscription
| Plan | Annual fee | Free fabrics included | Storage |
|---|---|---|---|
| swatchbook license — Full service | $2,000 / year | 25 fabrics (full service) | Unlimited |
| swatchbook license — Visualization only | $2,000 / year | 35 fabrics (visualization only) | Unlimited |
| No subscription | $0 | None — pay per fabric | N/A |
Free fabrics reset annually with the license. After the included quota is used, additional fabrics are billed at the subscriber per-fabric rate below.
Per-fabric pricing — full digitization service
This is what the client pays per fabric, depending on whether they have a subscription and what their use case is.
| Use case | Subscriber (after free quota) | Non-subscriber | What's included |
|---|---|---|---|
| Full service Visualization + physics Typically apparel |
$60 / fabric | $90 / fabric | Texture + maps + tiling, CLO physical properties, CLO 3D validation report, photo + video |
| Visualization only No physics Typically footwear, trims, accessories |
$20 / fabric | $50 / fabric | Texture + maps + tiling only |
VAT not included and may vary by region. Prices do not include shipping. "Per fabric" refers to single (front) side texture digitization.
Breakdown — how those prices are built
Each per-fabric price above is the sum of individual line items. The breakdown matters when a client only wants part of the service, when they've used their free quota, or when they want extras like a back-side scan.
| Line item | Subscriber | Non-subscriber | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Physical properties + validation zFab creation |
$40 / fabric | $40 / fabric | Drape test, fabric kit values, validation report. Same price for both — the cost difference between subscriber and non-subscriber comes entirely from the surface scan, not physics. |
| Surface scan — face | $20 / side | $50 / side | First scanned side of the material |
| Surface scan — back Or any additional side |
$20 / side | $20 / side | Added to a fabric already scanned on the face |
| 3D trim modeling | $40 / piece | $50 / piece | Eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces modeled as .obj |
| 2D trim scan | $20 / piece | $20 / piece | Scan-only, no 3D modeling |
| Extra service unit | $5 / unit | $5 / unit | Per-unit charge for each extra service delivered (see Extra services) |
Worked examples
Example 1 — Subscriber, Full service, 10 fabrics, year one
- Annual license: $2,000
- 10 fabrics digitized: $0 (all within the 25-fabric free quota)
- Total: $2,000
Example 2 — Subscriber, Full service, 40 fabrics, year one
- Annual license: $2,000
- First 25 fabrics: $0 (free quota)
- 15 additional fabrics × $60 = $900
- Total: $2,900
Example 3 — Non-subscriber, 5 fabrics scanned both sides, no physics
- Face scans: 5 × $50 = $250
- Back scans: 5 × $20 = $100
- Total: $350
Example 4 — Subscriber, 1 fabric full service + back scan + 2 extras
- Physics + validation: $40
- Face scan: $20
- Back scan: $20
- 2 extra services × $5 = $10
- Total: $90 (or $0 if within free quota — fabrics inside the quota cover full service)
Cost estimator
Build your order line by line and get an instant estimate. Adjust quantities, add extras, and switch between subscriber and non-subscriber rates.
Lead times
Standard turnaround scales with order size. All timelines start from the day after fabrics arrive at the CLO Digital Lab, not the day they're shipped.
Material review — before the clock starts
When samples arrive at the Digital Lab, the team reviews them the same day or the next business day to confirm what's actually feasible. The client is contacted at that point if anything needs clarification — for example, if a material is too small, too damaged, or falls into the advanced or non-scannable categories.
The lead-time clock starts after that review is complete and the order is confirmed.
Rush orders
Expediting is possible but not standard. It requires a direct conversation with the client about scope, and incurs additional cost determined once the scope is clear. Rush requests need to go through Steve Yang at the Digital Lab — see Contacts.
Sample requirements
The size and condition of the physical sample depends entirely on what the client wants to do with the digital output.
Sample size by material type
A4 or letter size
210mm × 297mm (or 8.27in × 11.69in). Enough surface to capture seamless texture scans and PBR maps. Typically used in footwear, accessories, and trim work where 3D simulation isn't required — or when the sample isn't large enough to measure physical properties and drape.
1m × 1m or 1yd × 1yd
Full fabric width with at least 1m of length. We need this much because we physically cut the sample for drape testing and to measure bend, stretch, and shear. Typically used in apparel for accurate fit and drape, though footwear in CLO is increasingly adopting physics-based simulation too.
20cm minimum length
A 20cm length is sufficient for scanning. The critical requirement is that the full pattern repeat must be visible within that length — if the weave, print, or texture pattern repeats at a longer interval, the sample needs to be long enough to show at least one complete cycle.
Single upper
One upper is enough. Whenever possible, send the smallest available size — a smaller upper reduces the required scanning area and speeds up processing. There is no need to send a pair.
Oversized prints and graphic tiles
If the material has a graphic that tiles larger than A4, we can scan at A2 as a special request. This costs more and uses a different scanner at a separate location.
Color and condition guidelines
- Color tone: Send a gray neutral tone if possible. Avoid pure black or pure white. If it must be colored, pick a mid-tone — not too bright, not too dark.
- Multi-color materials: Pick colors with high contrast that are distinct from each other.
- Condition: Send flat or rolled. Never folded or wrinkled.
- Labels: Indicate the material name AND the direction of fabric grain and selvedge. Labels are provided in the shipping instructions once the order is confirmed.
- Back-side scans: Indicate clearly if you want the back scanned. It's an additional cost.
- Brand identification: Mark which brand(s) the package is for. This triggers the correct SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) on our end.
Meta-data the client should provide
For each material, we need the following alongside the physical sample. swatchbook can provide a Material Standard spreadsheet for clients to fill out.
- Material name (simple descriptive words)
- Material ID (if they have one)
- Price — minimum sample price; bulk price optional
- Price units
- Lead times
- MOQ (Minimum Order Quantity)
- Country of origin
- Composition — Material Category (e.g. leather), Type (e.g. bovine), Sub-type (e.g. split suede)
- Dimensions
- Color(s)
- Usage tags (footwear/upper, accessories, etc.)
- Special tags (floral, metallic, heavy, sturdy)
- Hand-feel (soft, rough, warm, cool, fuzzy)
Material compatibility
Not every material can be digitized cleanly. Some can't be tested for physical properties, some can't be scanned, and some need an advanced process at extra cost.
Quick compatibility matrix
Legend: ○ Works △ Individual review ✕ Not possible
| Fabric type | Physical properties testing | 3D image scanning |
|---|---|---|
| Velvet | ○ | ○ |
| Short fur | △ | △ |
| Long fur | ✕ | ✕ |
| Feather yarns | ✕ | ✕ |
| Foil | ○ | ✕ |
| PVC | ✕ | ✕ |
| Glitter | ○ | △ |
| Sequin | ✕ | △ |
| Pleats | ✕ | ✕ |
| Elastic band | ✕ | △ |
| Wide stripe fabric (different yarns) | ✕ | △ |
| Dangling embellishments | ✕ | ✕ |
| Complicated novelty yarns | ✕ | ✕ |
| Multi-layer fabric | ✕ | △ |
| Crinkled fabric | ✕ | △ |
| Openwork lace | ✕ | △ |
Advanced materials
Some materials can be scanned but need an advanced scanner — typically materials that shift or change color from different angles. These include pearlescent, thin-film, hologram, and iridescent materials.
- Advanced materials carry extra cost and require longer processing time.
- They cannot be recolored — each color variation must be scanned individually.
- The swatchbook service center decides whether a material counts as advanced or basic.
Non-scannable materials
Some materials genuinely don't scan well in any standard process. These may still be digitized using alternative methods, with cost depending on the material.
- Fur (particularly long fur)
- Materials made from large dimensional pieces
- Translucent or milky materials
- Multi-layered materials such as clear-coated finishes
- Complex anisotropic reflective materials such as carbon fiber
Extra services
Add-on services beyond the standard digitization. Each extra service unit is $5, billed per unit produced.
Available extras
White color maps for external recoloring
A neutralized white-base version of the texture map, designed for clients who want to do their own recoloring in software like Substance, Photoshop, or Mari. Useful when the brand wants color-development control inside their own pipeline rather than asking us to produce each color variation.
Raw material scans (no tiling)
The original scan output before our seamless tiling process is applied. Some clients want to do their own tiling, or use the raw scan for inspection, archival, or custom workflows.
Custom videos beyond standard offering
We produce photo and video for every digitized material as part of the standard service. Custom video extras are anything outside that default style, including:
- Scratch tests
- Rub tests
- Water resistance / water beading tests
- Audio tests (e.g. fabric rustle, friction sound)
- Specific motion requests (twirl, fold, drape)
- Specific photo requests (macro, flat, twirled)
zFabs with sbsar values exposed
A CLO3D zFab file with the underlying sbsar (Substance) parameter values exposed for editing. Lets advanced users tweak material parameters in their own Substance-aware tools rather than treating the zFab as a closed asset.
2D trim scan — $20 per piece
Flat scan of trims like webbings, elastics, ribbons, tapes. Texture only — no 3D modeling, no physical properties. The fastest and cheapest way to digitize a trim if all you need is the surface.
3D trim modeling — $40 per piece
For hardware and components — eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces, molded toe boxes, hooks. Delivered as a 3D OBJ file ready to drop into CLO3D, VStitcher, or any standard 3D pipeline. Pricing for very complex hardware may vary; the team will quote case-by-case.
Color and scan processing extras
These are handled as part of the regular workflow rather than separate extras, but they're worth mentioning here since clients ask about them.
- Solid color variations: Send RGB values as an .ase file (Adobe Swatch Exchange). Optionally include Pantone reference. Clients can also do solid recoloring themselves.
- Multi-color conversions: Send target colors as an Excel file with RGB values.
- Grayscale versions of scans — available on request, additional charge.
- Whitewashed versions of scans — available on request, additional charge.
- Mask images — available on request, additional charge.
Process & next steps
The end-to-end path from "client wants to digitize" to "digital materials in hand."
Standard workflow
Scoping conversation
The client tells us what they need: visualization vs. simulation, how many fabrics, target software (CLO3D, VStitcher, other), and any extras. Their answers determine sample size, price, and timeline. Always loop in a regional CLO manager for first-time orders.
Sample preparation
Client prepares samples to spec: correct size for the use case, labels attached, grain direction marked, brand identified on the package, and customs paperwork ready (especially for USA-to-China shipments).
Shipping
Client ships directly to the Digital Lab. Currently this is in Dongguan, China. Shipping costs are the client's responsibility.
Arrival review
Same day or next business day after arrival, the team reviews the materials. They confirm what's feasible, flag anything in the advanced or non-scannable categories, and contact the client with any clarifications. The lead-time clock starts when the review is complete.
Digitization
Texture scanning, physical properties testing, photo/video, and any extras. Standard lead times apply based on quantity (see Lead times).
Delivery
Digital materials are uploaded to swatchbook or CLO-SET. Full service orders receive validated zFab files, a 3D validation report, photo + video of physical fabrics, and a link to the uploaded files. Visualization-only orders receive scan files and the upload link. Non-subscribers also receive an invoice for the order.
Revisions (if needed)
If a client isn't satisfied with the output, contact any team member. Revisions are done immediately at the service center and re-issued promptly. This is rare — if it happens, Zaid and Steve get involved to investigate the root cause.
Deliverables by service tier
Full service (visualization + physics)
- Validated zFab file
- 3D validation report
- Photo and video of the physical fabric
- swatchbook or CLO-SET link with uploaded files
- Invoice (non-subscribers only)
Visualization only
- Texture scan files
- Photo and video of the physical fabric
- swatchbook or CLO-SET link as fabrics become digitized
- Invoice (non-subscribers only)
Shipping & customs
Where to send samples, what sizes are required, how to pack and label them, and how to handle customs.
Current Digital Lab address
Attention: Steve Yang
Room 909, Fuxin Building, Fukang Road
Houjie Town, Dongguan City
Guangdong Province, 523000, China
Tel: +86-185-0306-3519
Sample sizes — what to ship
Sample size depends on the service tier the client has selected. See Sample requirements for full detail.
A4 or letter size
210mm × 297mm (or 8.27in × 11.69in). For texture scans + PBR maps only. No physical properties testing, no drape validation.
1m × 1m or 1yd × 1yd
Full fabric width, minimum 1m length. Required because we physically cut the sample to measure drape, bend, stretch, and shear.
A2
If the material's graphic tiles larger than A4. Special request, different scanner location, additional cost. Confirm with the team before quoting.
20cm minimum length
A 20cm length is sufficient for scanning. The full pattern repeat must be visible within the sample — if the repeat is longer than 20cm, send enough to show at least one complete cycle.
Single upper
One upper is sufficient — no need to send a pair. Send the smallest available size whenever possible to minimize the required scanning area.
Packing and labeling checklist
Before the client ships, walk them through this list. Skipping any of these causes delays at the Digital Lab.
- Send flat or rolled — never folded or wrinkled. Wrinkles can permanently distort scans.
- Attach labels to each fabric with the material name. Labels are provided in the shipping instructions once the order is confirmed.
- Mark the grain direction and selvedge on the physical sample so the lab knows which way the fabric runs.
- Indicate the face vs. back if the back is also being scanned. The lab can't always tell visually.
- Mark the brand on the package — this triggers the correct SOP (Standard Operating Procedure) for that brand's pipeline.
- If the client wants the back scanned, flag it — back-side scans are an additional line item ($20/side, same price for subscriber and non-subscriber).
- Color tone: gray neutral mid-tones scan best. Avoid pure black or pure white. Multi-colored fabrics should have high-contrast distinct colors.
Future regional hubs
Localized hubs are in development to reduce shipping costs and customs friction for clients outside Asia. Confirm current status with the team before promising regional shipping to any client.
- Bangalore, India — Active
- California, USA — In testing
- Munich, Germany — Planned
Customs guidance
- Clients should provide a document for customs clearance offices to expedite release. This is especially important for US-to-China shipments.
- A clearance agency can be assigned by the supplier to handle customs with extra fees. Not mandatory, but reduces issues.
- swatchbook is not responsible for packages stuck in customs.
Who pays for what
- Inbound shipping (client → Digital Lab): client's responsibility.
- Outbound shipping (Lab → client / brand): billed to whoever is receiving the materials. If the brand is receiving, they're invoiced. If the supplier asked for samples back, the supplier is invoiced.
- QR code labels for physical swatch return: additional cost.
File formats
What clients actually get back, and which format goes with which downstream tool.
| Format | What it is | Use case |
|---|---|---|
.u3m | Default PBR scan output — for visualization | Any PBR-aware viewer or renderer. No physics, no metadata embedded. |
.zfab | U3M + CLO3D physics extraction | CLO3D simulation. Required when full physics are needed. |
.u3ma | U3M + VStitcher / Browzwear physics | VStitcher pipelines. Comes from FAB/FAV physics extraction. |
.sbsar | Substance file — auto-generated after scanning | Substance-based pipelines. No physics or metadata. |
.obj | 3D model file | Trim hardware (eyelets, buckles, zippers, laces) modeled as 3D objects. |
PBR map types
Every scan produces a set of PBR (Physically Based Rendering) maps. The maps included depend on the material type — most fabrics get the core six; metal and glossiness maps are only generated where the material warrants them.
Raw surface color and pattern, free of lighting effects. Captures base hue, tone, and weave structure.
Base color in linear space for PBR renderers. Excludes specular highlights or ambient occlusion.
RGB-encoded surface orientation simulating micro-detail and yarn directionality, with no extra geometry.
Grayscale map controlling surface texture. White = scattered/matte; Black = smooth/sharp reflections.
Heightmap encoding real surface elevation differences from scanning for true geometric displacement.
Transparency mask for cutouts, lace, mesh, and sheer materials. White = opaque, Black = transparent.
Masks metallic vs. dielectric areas. White = metal, Black = non-metal. Not present on all material types.
Defines specular reflectance color and intensity for non-metal surfaces in Specular/Glossiness workflows.
Inverse of roughness, used in Spec/Gloss PBR workflows. White = high gloss, Black = fully matte.
Delivery specifications
Bit depth
8-bit or 16-bit. 16-bit preserves more tonal range and is better for high-fidelity renders. Brands with pipeline requirements should specify upfront.
Scan resolution
300 DPI standard. 600 DPI available. Higher resolutions available on request — useful for macro detail or large-format output.
File format
PNG, JPEG, or TIFF. PNG and TIFF are lossless. JPEG is suitable for lighter delivery where compression artifacts are acceptable.
PBR's limitations — clients should know
PBR scanning has inherent limits when capturing materials that have complex light behavior. Velvet, satin, and suede in particular often need additional manual tuning beyond what the scan captures. This is not a service quality issue — it's a fundamental limit of PBR as a representation.
File size and resolution trade-offs
File size is driven mostly by repeat tile size and 8-bit vs 16-bit output. Some brands want smaller, lighter files so their pipeline stays efficient. This comes at a cost — materials may look less organic, and high-detail renders may suffer. It's the "product shot vs marketing shot" debate.
Default behavior: we aim for a middle ground. Brands with strong preferences should communicate them up front so we tune the output accordingly.
Ownership & offboarding
Who owns the digital materials, what happens to physical samples, and what happens if a supplier leaves swatchbook.
Who owns the digital materials
- Typically the organization paying for the digitization owns the digital materials.
- The owner is responsible for keeping all metadata up to date, including removing materials when they're retired.
Will the client get their physical samples back?
- Typically no. Materials are sent directly to the brand after digitization unless the brand requests they go back to the supplier.
- Physical swatches are usually sent to the brand HQ materials department with a QR code attached.
- Shipping costs for return + QR services are additional and billed to the receiving party.
- We prefer not to throw swatches away — they're materials someone will want to touch and feel.
What happens if a supplier leaves swatchbook
- All materials and additional created content become invisible to swatchbook users.
- All content can be downloaded prior to removal while the subscription is still active.
- Brands may make copies of materials to keep in their libraries as an archive.
Contacts & escalation
Who to involve at each stage, and how to escalate when things need to move fast.
Primary contacts
Escalation paths
Rush order
Conversation with the client about scope and added cost → coordinate with Steve Yang directly. Rush capacity is real but conditional and is priced case-by-case.
Rework or revision request
Contact any team member. The service center handles the revision immediately and re-issues. If it's recurring or unclear what went wrong, Zaid and Steve investigate the root cause.
First-time client order
Always loop in a regional CLO manager. They handle the introduction, scope confirmation, and first-order setup so the client doesn't fall through the cracks between teams.
Customs / shipping problem
Steve Yang is the on-the-ground contact for anything stuck inbound to Dongguan. Reminder: swatchbook is not responsible for packages stuck in customs.
General support
For general questions, clients can email support@swatchbook.us. Internal team members should route through the contacts above based on the situation.
FAQs
The questions that come up most often, with direct answers.
Glossary
Terms that come up in MDS conversations.